Osteopenia and Sarcopenia as Potential Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection after Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Study

Alberto Ruffilli; Marco Manzetti; Tosca Cerasoli; Francesca Barile; Giovanni Viroli; Matteo Traversari; Francesca Salamanna; Milena Fini; Cesare Faldini

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101905

Osteopenia and Sarcopenia as Potential Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection after Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Study

Microorganisms. 2022 Sep 26;10(10):1905. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101905.

Authors

Alberto Ruffilli¹, Marco Manzetti¹, Tosca Cerasoli¹, Francesca Barile¹, Giovanni Viroli¹, Matteo Traversari¹, Francesca Salamanna², Milena Fini³, Cesare Faldini¹

Affiliations

¹ 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
² Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
³ Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Abstract

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a feared complication in spinal surgery, that leads to lower outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Among its risk factors, sarcopenia and osteopenia have recently attracted particular interest. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of sarcopenia and osteopenia on the postoperative infection rate in patients treated with posterior fusion for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. This retrospective study included data from 308 patients. Charts were reviewed and central sarcopenia and osteopenia were evaluated through magnetic resonance images (MRI), measuring the psoas to lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M score. Multivariate linear regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for infection. The postoperative SSI rate was 8.4%. Patients with low PLVI scores were not more likely to experience postoperative SSI (p = 0.68), while low M-score patients were at higher risk of developing SSI (p = 0.04). However, they did not generally show low PLVI values (p = 0.5) and were homogeneously distributed between low and high PLVI (p = 0.6). Multivariate analysis confirmed a low M score to be an independent risk factor for SSI (p = 0.01). Our results suggest that osteopenia could have significant impact on spinal surgery, and prospective studies are needed to better investigate its role.

Keywords: lumbar spinal fusion; osteopenia; risk factors; sarcopenia; surgical site infection.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health—Ricerca Corrente to IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and by 5X1000 2019 project entlited “Malattie muscolo scheletriche: dalla analisi fisiopatologica dei tessuti alla proposta di nuove strategie terapeutiche anche attraverso l’uso di algoritmi di Intelligenza Artificiale per una medicina di precisione” (PRWEB: 2021/730571).