Temperature Changes during Implant Osteotomy Preparations in Human Cadaver Tibiae Comparing MIS® Straight Drills with Densah® Burs

Nikolaos Soldatos; Huy Pham; Walid D Fakhouri; Binh Ngo; Panagiotis Lampropoulos; Tiffany Tran; Robin Weltman

doi:10.3390/genes13101716

Temperature Changes during Implant Osteotomy Preparations in Human Cadaver Tibiae Comparing MIS^® Straight Drills with Densah^® Burs

Genes (Basel). 2022 Sep 24;13(10):1716. doi: 10.3390/genes13101716.

Authors

Nikolaos Soldatos^{1

2}, Huy Pham², Walid D Fakhouri³, Binh Ngo⁴, Panagiotis Lampropoulos⁵, Tiffany Tran⁶, Robin Weltman^{2

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Science University (OHSU), 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
² Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA.
³ Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA.
⁴ School of Dentistry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA.
⁵ Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 2 Thivon St., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
⁶ California School of Podiatric Medicine, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
⁷ Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.

Abstract

(1) Background: Several studies showed a sustained temperature of 47 °C or 50 °C for one minute resulted in vascular stasis and bone resorption with only limited bone regrowth over a 3-4-week healing period. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the temperature changes (ΔΤ) that occur during the preparation of dental implant osteotomies using MIS^® straight drills versus Densah^® burs in a clockwise (cutting) drilling protocol. (2) Methods: Two hundred forty (240) osteotomies of two different systems' drills were prepared at 6 mm depth at 800, 1000, and 1200 revolutions per minute (RPM), in fresh, unembalmed tibiae, obtained by a female cadaver. ΔΤ was calculated by subtracting the baseline temperature on the tibial surface, from the maximum temperature-inside the osteotomy (ΔT = T_max - T_base). The variables were evaluated both for their individual and for their synergistic effect on ΔΤ with the use of one-, two-, three- and four-way interactions; (3) Results: An independent and a three-way interaction (drill design, drill width, and RPM) was found in all three RPM for the Densah^® burs and at 1000 RPM for the MIS^® straight drills. As Densah^® burs diameter increased, ΔΤ decreased. The aforementioned pattern was seen only at 1000 RPM for the MIS^® straight drills. The usage of drills 20 times more than the implant manufacturers' recommendation did not significantly affect the ΔΤ. A stereoscopic examination of the specimens confirmed the findings. (4) Conclusions: The independent and synergistic effect of drills' diameter, design and RPM had a significant effect on ΔΤ in human tibiae, which never exceeded the critical threshold of 47 °C.

Keywords: cancellous bone; cortical bone; dental implant osteotomy preparations; dental implants; human tibiae; straight drills; tapered drills; temperature changes.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cadaver
Dental Implants*
Female
Humans
Osteotomy
Temperature
Tibia / surgery

Substances

Dental Implants

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.