We present a case of a 42-year-old obese female with a body mass index of 38.4 kg/m2. Laparoscopic tumor resection of a left nonfunctioning adrenal tumor was performed in the lateral jackknife position, and the operative time was over 5 h. After awakening, she complained right buttock pain, and we suspected bursitis due to the surgical position and decided to follow up the patient. On the second postoperative day, spontaneous pain worsened, and the computed tomography scan of the hip showed significant swelling of the gluteal muscles, which led us to suspect a gluteal compartment syndrome. Intramuscular compartment pressure was measured under general anesthesia at 72 mmHg, and a fasciotomy was performed. The symptoms improved promptly after surgery and completely disappeared 2 months after surgery. Although the gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare condition in which circulation is impaired by compression of the gluteal muscles, treatment should be initiated promptly before serious complications arise.
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