The pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and includes various disturbances contributing to the multiple systemic clinical symptomatology of the clinical condition. One of important elements of the CKD pathogenesis is the pathophysiological, mutual dependence between progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate and retention of nitrogen metabolic wastes and development of gut dysbiosis along with overproduction of bacterial metabolites such as phenols, indoles and amines, with subsequent increase of permeability of the intestinal wall. Finally, these compounds are translocated from the intestinal lumen to the blood, and they act as uremic toxins, maintaining inflammation and intensifying oxidative stress in kidney tissues, finally contributing to pathological remodeling of the kidneys. The pathophysiological "cross-talk" between gut dysbiosis and CKD progression is known as the "kidney-gut axis" phenomenon. The paper briefly describes the physiological composition of the intestinal microbiota and its role in the neuroendocrine control of the gastrointestinal function, as well as discusses the pathophysiological basis of the functioning of the "kidney-gut" axis in chronic kidney disease.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; dysbiosis; gut microbiota; kidney-gut axis.
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