We divided the patients with biliary tract cancer who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)at our hospital into the 5-year recurrence-free and recurrence groups and investigated the prognostic factors. Additionally, we investigated the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with and without lymph node (LN) metastasis. There was no significant difference between the two groups for patient characteristics and perioperative factors. However, patients with LN metastasis tended to have a higher recurrence rate. For patients without LN metastasis, the median overall survival(OS)was not significantly different between the patients who received and did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with LN metastasis, although it was not significantly different(p=0.234), the OS of patients who received adjuvant therapy was more than 3 times than that of patients who did not(58.6 months and 18.4 months, respectively). For patients with biliary tract cancer who underwent PD, positive LN metastasis may be a poor prognostic factor, and adjuvant therapy may possibly improve prognosis.