Evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses: A scoping review

Alexcia Carr; Eric Pittman; Hyllore Imeri; Saara Nasruddin; Wesley Sparkmon; Katharine J Head; Sarah Vivo; Marie Barnard

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100226

Evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses: A scoping review

Vaccine X. 2022 Oct 15:12:100226. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100226. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Alexcia Carr¹, Eric Pittman², Hyllore Imeri¹, Saara Nasruddin¹, Wesley Sparkmon¹, Katharine J Head³, Sarah Vivo⁴, Marie Barnard¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
² Center for Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, University of Mississippi, MS, USA.
³ Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
⁴ Indiana Immunization Coalition, USA.

Abstract

Background: Vaccinations are successful, cost-effective tools to prevent the spread of certain infectious diseases. Many colleges conduct vaccination campaigns on their campuses for various vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles, mumps, influenza, HPV, and most recently, for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Implementing these campaigns requires substantial effort and understanding their effectiveness is an important factor in justifying these programs.

Aim: This scoping review aims to identify, review, and summarize existing evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses in order to provide evaluation guidance for institutions planning future vaccination campaigns.

Methods: Publications that focused on vaccination campaigns on college campuses for students and/or faculty and staff and described their evaluation methods were included in our analysis. A systematic search of the literature identified 2,101 articles. After duplicates were removed, titles and abstracts were screened, and references searched, 43 articles were identified for full-text review. Sixteen articles provided evaluation information and were systematically reviewed.

Results: Interventions targeted a variety of vaccine-preventable diseases, with the majority either aiming to increase HPV vaccine uptake or vaccinate against meningococcal serogroups. Most studies reported on campaigns that included both educational activities and provided vaccinations. Evaluation methods varied widely. Some studies measured vaccine-related knowledge and attitudes. Vaccine uptake was most commonly measured as a simple count of doses administered.

Conclusions: College campus vaccination campaigns are evaluated in multiple ways, with little consistency in how the effectiveness of campaigns are measured. There is a need to develop clear evaluation methods for college vaccination programs, especially how to calculate vaccination rates associated with these efforts.

Keywords: College; HPV vaccine; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Scoping review; Vaccination campaign.

Publication types

Review