Despite the heterogeneity of data on the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with chronic hypercapnia, the current evidence supports the use of NIV in select populations and phenotypes. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement criteria are complex, and the practice of navigating the most efficient method to initiate NIV therapy continues to be challenging. These patients optimally require referral to a medical center that has physicians with specific training in pulmonary and sleep medicine, who can navigate the specific needs for the use of NIV.
Keywords: Chronic hypercapnia; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome; Non-invasive ventilation.
Published by Elsevier Inc.