Effects of erythropoietin on osteoblast in the tooth extraction socket in mice periodontitis model

Ju-Eun Bae; Sung-Min Hwang; Yam Prasad Aryal; Tae-Young Kim; Wern-Joo Sohn; Seo-Young An; Ji-Youn Kim; Chang-Hyeon An; Youngkyun Lee; Yong-Gun Kim; Jin-Woo Park; Jae-Mok Lee; Jae-Young Kim; Jo-Young Suh

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.987625

Effects of erythropoietin on osteoblast in the tooth extraction socket in mice periodontitis model

Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 6:13:987625. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.987625. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
² Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
³ Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
⁴ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
⁵ Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.

Abstract

Periodontitis is an excessive inflammatory event in tooth-supporting tissues and can cause tooth loss. We used erythropoietin (EPO), which has been reported to play an important role in bone healing and modulation of angiogenesis, as a therapeutic agent in vivo and in vitro experimental models to analyze its effect on periodontitis. First, EPO was applied to in vitro MC3T3-E1 cells and human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells to examine its function in altered cellular events and gene expression patterns. In vitro cultivation of MC3T3-E1 and hPDLF cells with 10 IU/ml EPO at 24 and 48 h showed an obvious increase in cell proliferation. Interestingly, EPO treatment altered the expression of osteogenesis-related molecules, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteocalcin (OC) in MC3T3-E1 cells but not in hPDLF cells. In particular, MC3T3-E1 cells showed increased expression of ALP, BMP-2, and OC on day 5, while hPDLF cells showed increased expression of BMP-2, and OC on day 14. Based on the in vitro examination, we evaluated the effect of EPO on bone formation using an experimentally-induced animal periodontitis model. After the induction of periodontitis in the maxillary left second M, 10 IU/ml of EPO was locally applied to the extraction tooth sockets. Histomorphological examination using Masson's trichrome (MTC) staining showed facilitated bone formation in the EPO-treated groups after 14 days. Similarly, stronger positive reactions against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OC) were detected in the EPO-treated group compared to the control. Meanwhile, myeloperoxidase, an inflammatory marker, was decreased in the EPO-treated group on days 1 and 5. Overall, EPO facilitates bone healing and regeneration through altered signaling regulation and modulation of inflammation in the osteoblast cell lineage and to a lesser extent in hPDLF cells.

Keywords: MC3T3-E1 cells; bone formation; erythropoietin; human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell; local delivery; osteoblast; periodontitis; tooth loss.