Differences of resting fMRI and cognitive function between drug-naïve bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Jiaquan Liang; Wei Huang; Huagui Guo; Weibin Wu; Xiaoling Li; Caixia Xu; Guojun Xie; Wensheng Chen

doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04301-7

Differences of resting fMRI and cognitive function between drug-naïve bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Oct 21;22(1):654. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04301-7.

Authors

Jiaquan Liang^{1

2}, Wei Huang³, Huagui Guo³, Weibin Wu³, Xiaoling Li³, Caixia Xu³, Guojun Xie³, Wensheng Chen⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. 417891714@qq.com.
² Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 417891714@qq.com.
³ Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. cws1128@163.com.

Abstract

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SC) have many similarities in clinical manifestations. The acute phase of BD has psychotic symptoms, while SC also has emotional symptoms during the onset, which suggests that there is some uncertainty in distinguishing BD and SC through clinical symptoms.

Aim: To explore the characteristics of brain functional activities and cognitive impairment between BD and SC.

Methods: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) test was performed on patients in drug-naïve BD and SC (50 subjects in each group), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning was performed meanwhile. Rs-fMRI data were routinely preprocessed, and the value of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was calculated. Then each part of the scores of the RBANS and the characteristics of brain function activities were compared between the two groups. Finally used Pearson correlation to analyze the correlation between cognition and brain function.

Results: (1) Compared with BD group, all parts of RBANS scores in SC group decreased; (2) The left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG, peak coordinates - 30, -87, -15; t = 4.78, voxel size = 31, Alphasim correction) and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG, peak coordinates 51, -12, 0; t = 5.08, voxel size = 17, AlphaSim correction) were the brain areas with significant difference in fALFF values between BD and SC. Compared with SC group, the fALFF values of the left IOG and the right STG in BD group were increased (p < 0.05); (3) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the visuospatial construction score was positively correlated with the fALFF values of the left IOG and the right STG (r_{left IOG} = 0.304, p = 0.003; r_{right STG} = 0.340, p = 0.001); The delayed memory (figure recall) score was positively correlated with the fALFF value of the left IOG (r_{left IOG} = 0.207, p = 0.044).

Discussion: The cognitive impairment of SC was more serious than BD. The abnormal activities of the left IOG and the right STG may be the core brain region to distinguish BD and SC, and are closely related to cognitive impairment, which provide neuroimaging basis for clinical differential diagnosis and explore the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cognition; FALFF; Rs-fMRI; Schizophrenia.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bipolar Disorder* / diagnostic imaging
Cognition
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
Rest
Schizophrenia* / diagnostic imaging