A variety of urinary markers of the renal disease show promise for the identification of glomerular and tubular damage and monitoring treatment. Most of the markers are currently not widely available, and all could benefit from further study. This review summarizes recent studies on urinary biomarkers of renal disease in dogs and cats.
Keywords: C-reactive protein (CRP); Clusterin; Cystatin; Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); Immunoglobulin G (IgG); Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1); Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL); Retinol-binding protein (RBP).
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