Lack of detrimental effects of ocean acidification and warming on proximate composition, fitness and energy budget of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Helena Oliveira; Ana Luísa Maulvault; Sara Castanho; Tiago Repolho; Luísa M P Valente; Pedro Pousão-Ferreira; Rui Rosa; António Marques; Patrícia Anacleto

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159491

Lack of detrimental effects of ocean acidification and warming on proximate composition, fitness and energy budget of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 20;857(Pt 2):159491. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159491. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

Authors

Helena Oliveira¹, Ana Luísa Maulvault², Sara Castanho³, Tiago Repolho⁴, Luísa M P Valente⁵, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira⁶, Rui Rosa⁷, António Marques⁸, Patrícia Anacleto⁹

Affiliations

¹ IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal. Electronic address: helaoliveira@gmail.com.
² IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO - Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal. Electronic address: aluisa@ipma.pt.
³ IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Aquaculture Research Station of Olhão (EPPO), Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal. Electronic address: scastanho@ipma.pt.
⁴ MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: tfrepolho@fc.ul.pt.
⁵ CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS-UP, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: lvalente@icbas.up.pt.
⁶ IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Aquaculture Research Station of Olhão (EPPO), Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal. Electronic address: pedro.pousao@ipma.pt.
⁷ MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: rarosa@fc.ul.pt.
⁸ IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal. Electronic address: amarques@ipma.pt.
⁹ IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal. Electronic address: panacleto@ipma.pt.

PMID: 36270380
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159491

Abstract

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) are driving ocean warming and acidification, which may negatively affect the nutritional quality and physiological performance of commercially important fish species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of ocean acidification (OA; ΔpH = -0.3 units equivalent to ΔpCO₂ ~ +600 μatm) and warming (OW; ΔT = +4 °C) (and combined, OAW) on the proximate composition, fitness and energy budget of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). After an exposure period of 75 days, growth (G), metabolism (R) and excretion (faecal, F and nitrogenous losses, U) were assessed to calculate the energy intake (C). Biometric and viscera weight data were also registered to determine animal fitness. Overall, the proximate composition and gross energy were not significantly affected by acidification and warming (alone or in combination). Weight gain, maximum and standard metabolic rates (MMR and SMR, respectively), aerobic scope (AS) and C were significantly higher in fish subjected to OA, OW and OAW than in CTR conditions. Furthermore, the highest relative growth rates (RGR), specific growth rates in terms of wet weight (SGRw) and protein (SGRp), as well as feed efficiencies (FE) occurred in fish submitted to OW and OAW. On the other hand, fish exposed to CTR conditions had significantly higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) and ammonia excretion rate (AER) than those exposed to simulated stressors. Regarding energy distribution, the highest fraction was generally allocated to growth (48-63 %), followed by excretion through faeces (36-51 %), respiration (approximately 1 %) and ammonia excretion (0.1-0.2 %) in all treatments. Therefore, ocean warming and acidification can trigger physiological responses in juvenile Senegalese sole, particularly in their energy budget, which can affect the energy flow and allocation of its population. However, and in general, this species seems highly resilient to these predicted ocean climate change stressors.

Keywords: Bioenergetics; Climate change stressors; Excretion; Fish condition; Growth; Metabolism.

MeSH terms

Ammonia / toxicity
Animals
Flatfishes*
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Oceans and Seas
Seawater* / chemistry
Temperature

Substances

Ammonia