Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering - A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement

Jabeen Farheen; Narayan S Hosmane; Ruibo Zhao; Qingwei Zhao; M Zubair Iqbal; Xiangdong Kong

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100450

Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering - A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement

Mater Today Bio. 2022 Oct 4:16:100450. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100450. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Jabeen Farheen^{1

2}, Narayan S Hosmane³, Ruibo Zhao^{1

2

4}, Qingwei Zhao⁵, M Zubair Iqbal^{1

2}, Xiangdong Kong^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
² Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
³ Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
⁴ Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
⁵ Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy & Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most violent class of tumor and accounts for 20-24% of total breast carcinoma, in which frequently rare mutation occurs in high frequency. The poor prognosis, recurrence, and metastasis in the brain, heart, liver and lungs decline the lifespan of patients by about 21 months, emphasizing the need for advanced treatment. Recently, the adaptive immunity mechanism of archaea and bacteria, called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) combined with nanotechnology, has been utilized as a potent gene manipulating tool with an extensive clinical application in cancer genomics due to its easeful usage and cost-effectiveness. However, CRISPR/Cas are arguably the efficient technology that can be made efficient via organic material-assisted approaches. Despite the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas@nano complex, problems regarding successful delivery, biodegradability, and toxicity remain to render its medical implications. Therefore, this review is different in focus from past reviews by (i) detailing all possible genetic mechanisms of TNBC occurrence; (ii) available treatments and gene therapies for TNBC; (iii) overview of the delivery system and utilization of CRISPR-nano complex in TNBC, and (iv) recent advances and related toxicity of CRISPR-nano complex towards clinical trials for TNBC.

Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; Gene therapy; Genetic mechanism; Nanocarriers; Triple-negative breast cancer.

Publication types

Review