Exosome-based vaccines and their position in next generation vaccines

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes as a subset, are generated by most cell types and play crucial roles in intercellular communication. Exosomes offer intriguing tools as potential vaccines due to their ability to deliver a wide range of antigens and immunomodulatory properties. Exosome-based vaccines have demonstrated promising results against different types of infectious diseases as well as cancers, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, a number of studies on exosome-based vaccines are highlighted and relevant clinical trials are discussed.

Keywords: Bacterial infections; Exosomes; Parasitic infections; Vaccine; Viral infections.