Meta-analysis of the demographic and prognostic significance of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients

Shafquat Zaman; Shahin Hajibandeh; Shahab Hajibandeh; Ali Yasen Y Mohamedahmed; Mohammed E El-Asrag; Nabil Quraishi; Tariq H Iqbal; Andrew D Beggs

doi:10.1002/jgh3.12812

Meta-analysis of the demographic and prognostic significance of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients

JGH Open. 2022 Aug 29;6(10):711-722. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12812. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Shafquat Zaman¹, Shahin Hajibandeh², Shahab Hajibandeh³, Ali Yasen Y Mohamedahmed⁴, Mohammed E El-Asrag^{1

5}, Nabil Quraishi¹, Tariq H Iqbal⁶, Andrew D Beggs¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Science University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.
² Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK.
³ Department of General Surgery Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board Pontyclun UK.
⁴ Department of General Surgery Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals Birmingham UK.
⁵ Faculty of Science Benha University Benha Egypt.
⁶ Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.

Abstract

Background and aim: To evaluate the demographic and prognostic significance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A systematic search of electronic information sources was conducted. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models for baseline demographic factors and outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospital stay.

Results: Twenty-four comparative observational studies reporting a total of 51 522 COVID-19 patients with (n = 6544) or without (n = 44 978) GI symptoms were identified. The patients with GI symptoms were of comparable age (mean difference [MD]: 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.42 to 2.92, P = 0.86), rate of pre-existing hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% CI 0.86-1.42, P = 0.42), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.91-1.44, P = 0.26), and coronary artery disease (OR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.86-1.16, P = 0.98) compared with those without GI symptoms. However, there were significantly more male patients in the GI symptoms group (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.95, P = 0.005). The presence of GI symptoms was associated with similar risk of mortality (OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.47-1.13, P = 0.16), ICU admission (OR: 1.15; 95% CI 0.67-1.96, P = 0.62), and length of hospital stay (MD: 0.43; 95% CI -0.73 to 1.60, P = 0.47) when compared with their absence.

Conclusion: Meta-analysis of the best possible available evidence demonstrated that GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients do not seem to affect patients with any specific demographic patterns and may not have any important prognostic significance. Although no randomized studies can be conducted on this topic, future high-quality studies can provide stronger evidence to further understand the impact of GI symptoms on outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019; gastrointestinal symptoms; meta‐analysis.