Diagnostic evaluation for adrenal tumors - What does the urologist need to know about endocrine metabolic work up?

Abstract

Purpose of review: Adrenal lesions are commonly discovered on abdominal imaging studies, whereas some patients with adrenal tumors present with symptoms of homonal excess. They are categorized as either hormone active or inactive and either as benign or malignant. This review is focused on the endocrine work up in patients with adrenal tumors. Knowledge of the use and limitations of hormonal assessment is essential for propper interpretation of the obtained test results. This article reviews which diagnostics are necessary to identify adrenal masses requiring treatment.

Recent findings: Delayed hormonal assessment is not uncommon and associated with delayed treatment. The endocrine work up is guided by data from prospective and retrospective observational studies. Adrenal tumors include a wide spectrum of diseases and as a principle, most patients require biochemical testing to select the appropriate treatment.

Summary: The most important factor for the outcome in the management of adrenal masses is, beside the exclusion of malignancy, a structured evaluation of the patients endocrine status.