Comparison of total energy intakes estimated by 24-hour diet recall with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method in adults

Eun-Kyung Kim; Justice Otoo Fenyi; Jae-Hee Kim; Myung-Hee Kim; Seo-Eun Yean; Kye-Wol Park; Kyungwon Oh; Sungha Yoon; Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata; Jonghoon Park; Jung-Hyun Kim; Jin-Sook Yoon

doi:10.4162/nrp.2022.16.5.646

Comparison of total energy intakes estimated by 24-hour diet recall with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method in adults

Nutr Res Pract. 2022 Oct;16(5):646-657. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.5.646. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea.
² Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung 25457, Korea.
³ Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
⁴ Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 1568502, Japan.
⁵ Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
⁶ Major of Food and Nutrition, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea.
⁷ Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.

Abstract

Background/objectives: The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and is also useful for verifying the validities of dietary evaluation tools. In this study, we compared the accuracy of total energy intakes (TEI) estimated by the 24-h diet recall method with TEE obtained using the doubly labeled water method.

Subjects/methods: This study involved 71 subjects aged 20-49 yrs. Over a 14-day period, three 24-h diet recalls per subject (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) were used to estimate energy intakes, while TEE was measured using the DLW method. The paired t-test was used to determine the significance of differences between TEI and TEE results, and the accuracy of the 24-h recall method was determined by accuracy predictions percentage, root mean square error, and bias.

Results: Average study subject age was 33.4 ± 8.6 yrs. The association between TEI and TEE was positive and significant (r = 0.463, P < 0.001), and the difference between TEI (2,084.3 ± 684.2 kcal/day) and TEE (2,401.7 ± 480.3 kcal/day) was also significant (P < 0.001). In all study subjects, mean TEI was 12.0% (307.5 ± 629.3 kcal/day) less than mean TEE, and 12.2% (349.4 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in men and 11.8% (266.7 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in women. Rates of TEI underprediction for all study subjects, men, and women, were 60.5%, 51.4%, and 66.7%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study shows that 24-h diet recall underreports energy intakes. More research is needed to corroborate our findings and evaluate the accuracy of 24-h recall with respect to additional demographics.

Keywords: Energy metabolism; adult; energy intake.