High-resolution X-ray imaging diagnosis is a critical method for measuring Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth and hot spot interface morphology in inertial confinement fusion experiments. In this study, we develop a quasi-monochromatic elliptical Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope based on aberration theory, breaking the aberration limit of conventional Kirkpatrick-Baez microscopes. The microscope was characterized in the laboratory for spatial resolution performance and modulation transfer function before being implemented in cavity experiments at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The results demonstrate that the edge-based method achieves a spatial resolution of <2 µm in the central field of view and modulation of 800 lp/mm spatial frequency of >20%.