This review surveys and summarizes the materials and methods used to make liquid filtration membranes. Examples of each method including phase inversion, electrospinning, interfacial polymerization, thin film composites, stretching, lithography and templating techniques, are given and the pros and cons of each method are discussed. Trends of recent literature are also discussed and their potential direction is deliberated. Furthermore, the polymeric materials used in the fabrication process of liquid filtration membranes are also reviewed and trends and similarities are shown and discussed. Thin film composites and selective filtration applications appear to be a growing area of research for membrane technology. Other than the required mechanical properties (tensile strength, toughness and chemical and thermal stability), it becomes apparent that polymer solubility and hydropathy are key factors in determining their applicability for use as a membrane material.
Keywords: liquid filtration; membranes; polymers.