The Effect of Smoking and Brushing on the Color Stability and Stainability of Different CAD/CAM Restorative Materials

Stuart Schelkopf; Caroline Dini; Thamara Beline; Alvin G Wee; Valentim A R Barão; Cortino Sukotjo; Judy Chia-Chun Yuan

doi:10.3390/ma15196901

The Effect of Smoking and Brushing on the Color Stability and Stainability of Different CAD/CAM Restorative Materials

Materials (Basel). 2022 Oct 5;15(19):6901. doi: 10.3390/ma15196901.

Authors

Stuart Schelkopf¹, Caroline Dini², Thamara Beline², Alvin G Wee³, Valentim A R Barão², Cortino Sukotjo⁴, Judy Chia-Chun Yuan⁴

Affiliations

¹ Private Practice, University Associates in Dentistry, 222 N Lasalle St., Chicago, IL 60601, USA.
² Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 9-470 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁴ Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate and compare the color stability and stainability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials in their glazed (G) and polished (P) state when exposed to cigarette smoke, as well as after brushing. Three CAD/CAM restorative materials were investigated: lithium disilicate CAD (LD), zirconia (Zr), and Telio PMMA CAD (PMMA), according to their surface finishing and assignment to cigarette smoking exposure or soaking in the saliva (control) group. The color change (∆E) was calculated before and after the intervention performed for all specimens, using the L*a*b values to quantitatively assess the shade differences. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis (α = 0.05). The surface finishing did not influence the materials’ stainability. Color change was noted after smoking, LD and Zr-G and Zr-P had a comparable color change (p > 0.05), while PMMA presented lower ∆E values (p < 0.05). After brushing, all specimens had a significant color change that was high for LD-G and LD-P, and Zr-G, compared with Zr-P and PMMA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the exposure to cigarette smoke showed that LD, Zr, and PMMA are all susceptible to staining, but brushing decreases surface staining.

Keywords: CAD/CAM; ceramics; cigarette; color stability; polishing; zirconia.

Grants and funding

C.D. was supported by The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Grant/Award number: 2020/05234-3 and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Finance code 001. V.A.R.B. was supported by The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Grant/Award number: 2020/05231-4 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Grant/Award number: 307471/2021-7.