Can support surfaces characteristics influence high-quality chest compression? manikin experiment with a mechanical device

Abstract

Background: Support surfaces variables, such as size, material, and density, can determine chest compression depth in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: to analyze the force required to do a high-quality chest compression concerning different surfaces in CPR.

Method: This experimental study was developed using a Little Anne manikin and a mechanical device to perform chest compressions. Nine sets of surfaces were tested and compared to a control.

Results: 230 experimental tests were done in sets of bed or stretcher + mattress and presence or absence of different backboards. In the control condition, the average force to reach 5 cm of depth was 42.14±0.97 (kgf). Set 9, compatible with a narrow stretcher with a thin mattress, had the best surfaces to reach recommended depth, with or without a backboard. All other sets required significantly more force for high-quality chest compression. Regression analysis confirms that backboard size is not significant for the force for high-quality chest compression.

Conclusion: There is an association of dimensions and types of beds or stretchers and mattresses with a force increase. Type and dimensions of the backboard are not relevant for the force required, regardless of the characteristics of the set of the bed or stretcher and mattress.

Keywords: Advanced cardiac life support; Cardiac arrest; Cardiac massage; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Simulation training.