A Study Linking Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Eye Axis With Demographic Characteristics in the Emmetropic Eyes of Bangladeshi People

Maskura Benzir; Akhtari Afroze; Afroj Zahan; Rawshon Ara Naznin; Afsana Khanam; Sharmin A Sumi; Md Ahsanul Haq; Halyna Lugova; Mainul Haque

doi:10.7759/cureus.29925

A Study Linking Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Eye Axis With Demographic Characteristics in the Emmetropic Eyes of Bangladeshi People

Cureus. 2022 Oct 4;14(10):e29925. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29925. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Authors

Maskura Benzir¹, Akhtari Afroze², Afroj Zahan³, Rawshon Ara Naznin¹, Afsana Khanam¹, Sharmin A Sumi⁴, Md Ahsanul Haq⁵, Halyna Lugova⁶, Mainul Haque⁷

Affiliations

¹ Anatomy, Thengamara Mohila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS) Medical College, Bogra, BGD.
² Anatomy, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, BGD.
³ Anatomy, Gazi Medical College, Khulna, BGD.
⁴ Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, BGD.
⁵ Statistics, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BGD.
⁶ Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Research Centre and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
⁷ Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, MYS.

Abstract

Background Axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (CC) are one of the furthest critical parameters for optometry and oculoplastic surgery. These two variables are crucial in biometry for accurately measuring the power of the intraocular lens in cataract surgery. This research aimed to determine the association linking axial length and corneal curvature with demographic characteristics in emmetropic eyes of Bangladeshi people. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 200 emmetropic eyes of Bangladeshi people attending the Department of Ophthalmology at Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh, with different eye conditions, between July 2017 and June 2018. Data was gathered by conducting person-to-person interviews, checking visual activity using the Snellen chart, and measuring corneal curvature using an auto-keratometer and axial eyeball length using A-scan ultrasonography. Results A total of 200 attendances were studied, 90 males and 110 females. All were emmetropic. The age range was 21-52 years, and the highest contributors were in the 21-30-year age group. The association between right axial length and right corneal curvature shows a negative relation among both sexes. It was -0.61 (β-coefficient (β-coff)), and highly significant in females at -0.89 (β-coff). Additionally, the association between left axial length and left corneal curvature shows a negative relation of -0.65 (β-coff), which was again highly significant in females at -0.87 (β-coff). Both were not significant in males. There was no significant association linking axial length and eye axis in both sexes. The multivariate regression model was used to assess the p-value, and the regression model was adjusted by age. Conclusion Optical parametric measurement is a noninvasive diagnostic and assessment tool that might help in the actual measurement of intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery and may also provide supplementary information to the researcher domain.

Keywords: association; axial length; bangladesh; corneal curvature; descriptive cross-sectional analytical study; emmetropic eye; eye axis; gender comparison; keratometry; optical parametric measurement.