In the manufacture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, the clarified cell culture fluid (CCF) is typically loaded onto an initial protein A affinity capture column. Imperfect mass transfer and loading to maximum capacity can risk antibody breakthrough and loss of valuable product, but conservative underloading wastes expensive protein A resin. In addition, the effects of column fouling and ligand degradation require the frequent optimization of immunoglobulin G (IgG) loading to avoid wastage. Continuous real-time monitoring of IgG flowthrough is of great interest, therefore. We previously developed a fluorescence-based monitoring technology that allows batch mix-and-read mAb detection in the CCF. Here, we report the use of reporters immobilized on cyanogenbromide-activated Sepharose 4B resin for continuous detection of IgG in column breakthrough. The column effluent is continuously contacted with immobilized fluorescein-labeled Fc-binding ligands in a small monitoring column to produce an immediately-detectable change in fluorescence intensity. The technology allows rapid and reliable monitoring of IgG in a flowing stream of clarified CCF emerging from a protein A column, without prior sample preparation. We observed a significant change in fluorescence intensity at 0.5 g/L human IgG, sufficient to detect a 5% breakthrough of a 10 g/L load, within 18 s at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The current small-scale technology is suitable for use in process development, but the chemistry should be readily adaptable to larger scale applications using fiber-optic sensors, and continuous IgG monitoring could be applicable in a variety of upstream and downstream process settings.
Keywords: antibody breakthrough; fluorescence intensity; online monitoring; process analytical technology; protein A chromatography.
© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.