A new method for sample pretreatment using improved QuEChERs was established, and 289 organic pollutants with health risks could be identified and quantified through gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap HRMS). A high-resolution database of 289 environmental pollutants belonging to ten categories, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other agricultural chemicals (ACs), was established for the non-targeted screening and quantitative analysis. A simple method for biological sample preparation using improved QuEChERs was proposed by combining a conventional QuEChERs method and a column purification method. After purification using a Florisil column, the lipid content was reduced by 99.9%, which significantly reduced the interference of the matrix effect observed during the analysis. Furthermore, simultaneous high-accuracy qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of the target compounds were performed through high-resolution mass spectrometry (60000 resolution) conducted in the full scan mode. The limits of quantification were 0.56-57.8 pg/g, presenting a large linear range (~106), and the recovery range was 40%-120%. Due to the high-resolution and sensitivity of Q Exactive GC-Orbitrap HRMS, the limits of quantification of the target compounds were significantly lower than those achieved through methods based on conventional chromatography and mass spectrometry. Moreover, ultratrace organic contaminants that cannot be detected by conventional methods can be accurately quantified by the proposed method. Sea cucumber samples collected at the breeding site were analyzed using the proposed high-coverage multi-objective analytical method, and more than 100 types of organic pollutants were detected; the mean contents of PAHs, ACs, PAEs, and OCPs were 157.8, 153.2, 64.4, and 46.4 ng/g dw, respectively, which were higher than those of other pollutants. Some new contaminants, such as 9-chlorofluorene, 5-chloroacenaphthene, and 3-methylcholanthrene, were detected at very low contents for the first time in the sea cucumber samples. The proposed method is simple and efficient, allows the detection of pollutants at very low contents, and provides accurate and reliable results. Thus, this high-coverage multi-objective analytical method can be widely used for broad-spectrum screening and accurate quantification of contaminants in various aquatic products, providing technical support for food safety control.
建立了一种基于改良QuEChERs的样品前处理新方法,并通过气相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(GC-Orbitrap HRMS)对海参样品中的有机氯农药类(OCPs)、多环芳烃类(PAHs)、酞酸酯类(PAEs)、多氯联苯类(PCBs)及其他农药类(ACs)等10大类289种具有健康风险的有机污染物进行了高通量高精准的定性鉴别和定量分析。通过将传统的QuEChERs方法与柱净化方法结合,提出了一种基于改良QuEChERs的简便生物样品制备新方法,经弗洛里硅土(Florisil)柱净化后脂含量降低了99.9%,显著减少了基质效应对分析结果的干扰,可在高分辨质谱(6万分辨率)全扫描模式下对289种目标化合物同时进行高精准定性筛查和定量分析。该方法定量限约0.56~57.8 pg/g,线性范围约6个数量级,回收率范围为40%~120%。由于Q Exactive GC-Orbitrap HRMS具备较高的质量分辨率和灵敏度,因此对目标化合物的定量限显著优于常规的色谱和质谱分析方法,常规方法无法检出的超痕量有机污染物利用该研究开发的方法可进行精准定量。基于此高覆盖度多目标分析方法对养殖场采集的海参样品进行分析,共从海参体内检出100种有机污染物,其中PAHs、ACs、PAEs、OCPs类检出总含量相对高于其他类污染物,总含量均值分别为157.8、153.2、64.4和46.4 ng/g dw。9-氯芴、5-氯苊、3-甲基胆蒽等多种新污染物首次在海参样品中检出,但含量都非常低。该方法简单高效,定量限低,线性范围宽,结果准确。此高覆盖度多目标分析方法可广泛应用于各种水产品中风险物质的广谱筛查和精准定量,为食品安全和绿色养殖提供技术支撑。
Keywords: QuEChERs; environmental pollutants; gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap HRMS); nontarget analysis; sea cucumber.