Objective: To explore the relationship between children's dietary nutrient intakes and hypertension, overweight and obesity.
Methods: In April 2016, 1033 children aged 9 to 12 from grades 3 to 6 in two primary schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City were selected by cluster sampling method, with an average age of(10.55±1.10) years, including 545 boys(52.8%) and 488 girls(47.2%), for physical examination and dietary survey. Physical examination included height, weight, blood pressure, etc. Dietary survey was conducted using a 3-day 24 h retrospective method. Principal component factor analysis was used to explore the dietary nutrient patterns of children, and logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different dietary nutrient patterns on children's hypertension, overweight and obesity.
Results: In terms of M(P25, P75), compared with normal blood pressure group, hypertensive group had higher energy intake(1761.97(1617.17, 1940.43)kcal vs.1730.95(1556.06, 1905.71)kcal, P=0.011). Compared with normal weight group, overweight and obese group had higher carbohydrate(250.65(226.55, 281.29)g vs.244.41(220.04, 273.01)g, P=0.011), vitamin B_1(0.29(0.22, 0.36)mg vs.0.27(0.22, 0.34)mg, P=0.022), vitamin B_2(0.45(0.33, 0.60)mg vs.0.39(0.32, 0.51)mg, P=0.001), iron(12.64(11.06, 14.48)mg vs.12.39(10.57, 14.21)mg, P=0.033), zinc(5.11(4.00, 6.77)mg vs.4.60(3.87, 5.84)mg, P<0.001)intakes, lower calcium intake(185.52(136.92, 264.73)mg vs.207.39(141.25, 300.92)mg, P=0.007). Low cholesterol, low vitamin, high calcium pattern(OR=0.644, 95%CI 0.421-0.985) and Q2 of low protein, low fat and low cholesterol(OR=0.626, 95%CI 0.412-0.951) were protective factors for overweight and obesity.
Conclusion: High carbohydrate may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity, while high calcium, low fat and low cholesterol may be protective factors for overweight and obesity.
Keywords: children; hypertension; nutrient model; overweight and obesity.