Role of Biomarkers and Its Trend to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Amarja Ashok Havaldar; Veronica Lobo; Ea Chinny Sushmitha; Kumar M Vinay; John Michael Raj; Tinku Thomas

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24309

Role of Biomarkers and Its Trend to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Indian J Crit Care Med. 2022 Sep;26(9):1031-1035. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24309.

Authors

Amarja Ashok Havaldar¹, Veronica Lobo¹, Ea Chinny Sushmitha¹, Kumar M Vinay¹, John Michael Raj², Tinku Thomas²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
² Department of Biostatistics, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

Background: Biomarkers have been extensively studied and used in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The trend of biomarkers helps in prognosticating and managing critically ill patients. In resource-limited settings, the availability and feasibility of using these biomarkers are challenging.Our study aimed to see the trend of biomarkers and their effect on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was done from 1 April 2020 to 30 September 2020. The primary objective was to evaluate the trend of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and their effect on ICU mortality. The secondary objectives were the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay.

Results: A total of 380 patients were included. The mean age was 54.9 (SD = 11.1) and 67% were males. The mean age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 29.54 (5.8). Among the biomarkers, total count (TC), ferritin, and procalcitonin (PCT) were higher in non-survivors than in survivors in bivariate analysis. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed age, APACHE II score, length of ICU stay, neutrophil:lymphocyte (NL) ratio, and ferritin as covariates. Among these variables, ferritin was the only biomarker [odds ratio (OR): 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.77] with the APACHE II score (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30) found to be significant.

Conclusion: Ferritin was the only significant biomarker with higher values in non-survivors than in survivors. The trend of biomarkers was not found to be useful in predicting outcome of the patients.

How to cite this article: Havaldar AA, Lobo V, Sushmitha EAC, Kumar VM, Raj JM, Thomas T. Role of Biomarkers and Its Trend to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(9):1031-1035.

Keywords: Biomarkers; C-reactive protein; Coronavirus disease-2019; D-dimer; Ferritin; neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio.