Population-based cohort study to assess the gingival lesions in 1319 patients with lichen planus

Oral Dis. 2023 Nov;29(8):3393-3399. doi: 10.1111/odi.14398. Epub 2022 Oct 18.

Abstract

Aims: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune disease. In this paper, we evaluated the overall characters, clinical presentation, and outcome of gingival lesions in OLP Italian patients.

Methods and results: A retrospective cohort study was accomplished: a total of 1319 charts were investigated, of whom 922 were female (69.9%): 617 patients (46.8%) manifested white lesions and 702 red ones (53.2%). While most patients had several oral sites of involvement, the gingiva was the unique location in 103 cases. Symptoms were reported in 480 patients (36.4%): 286 patients with erosive OLP, 103 with atrophic form, and 91 with a white form. Long-lasting surveillance showed that only 40 patients (3.03%) had a total clinical signs remission. Regarding OLP medical treatment provided, patients attending less frequently a dental office underwent more often a specific therapy.

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the biggest collections of patients with gingival OLP ever described; exclusive gingival lesions are, however, rare and unlikely to undergo a malignant transformation. Moreover, gum lesions seemed to anticipate the appearance of oral lesions and a higher rate of OLP therapy was observed in patients with less frequent dental check-ups and oral hygiene instructions.

Keywords: clinical characters; dental care; gingiva; oral lichen planus; outcome.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Gingiva* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Lichen Planus, Oral* / pathology
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies