Objective: To analyze the overweight and obesity status of students in the national pilot counties of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019 and its associated factors. Methods: In 2019, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select about 40 students from each grade in primary and secondary schools in China's central and western regions where the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students was implemented. The height and weight of the children were measured using height or weight scales. The school questionnaire and county questionnaire were used to investigate the associated factors. A Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the associated factors. Results: In 2019, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural primary and secondary school students aged 6-15 years in central and western China 2019 was 11.5%. It was higher for boys (13.1%) than that for girls (9.8%), higher in central (14.3%) than that in the west (9.9%) and higher for elementary school students (12.4%) than that for secondary school students (9.5%, all P<0.001). The logistic regression showed that boys (OR=1.388), primary school students (OR=1.271), students without other dietary subsidies(OR=1.037), schools in rural areas (OR=1.133), schools with enterprise-based feeding mode (OR=1.043), schools without the provision of lunch (OR=1.143), schools without the provision of dinner (OR=1.122), and schools without providing drinking water (OR=1.015) were positively associated with overweight and obesity among students (P<0.05). Schools with snack shops (OR=0.952) were negatively associated with overweight and obesity among students (P<0.001). Conclusion: A certain proportion of primary and secondary school students in rural areas of central and western China are overweight and obese. The prevalence is not only related to children's gender, school section and county area but also related to school meals, whether schools provide drinking water and other factors.
目的： 分析2019年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”国家试点县农村学生超重和肥胖状况及其关联因素。 方法： 于2019年采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法，在实施“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”的中西部农村地区的小学和初中学校中，每个年级抽取40名左右。使用身高计、体重计测量儿童身高和体重；通过学校问卷和县问卷调查关联因素。组间比较采用χ2检验；采用logistic回归模型进行关联因素分析。 结果： 2019年我国中西部农村中小学生超重和肥胖率为11.5%。男生超重和肥胖率为13.1%，高于女生（9.8%），中部（14.3%）高于西部（9.9%），小学生（12.4%）高于初中生（9.5%）。回归模型分析显示，男生（OR=1.388）、年龄段为小学（OR=1.271）、学生没有其他膳食补助（OR=1.037）、学校在乡镇（OR=1.133）、学校供餐模式为企业供餐（OR=1.043）、学校不提供午餐（OR=1.143）、学校不提供晚餐（OR=1.122）和学校不提供饮用水（OR=1.015）与学生超重和肥胖呈正相关（均P<0.05），学校有小卖店售卖零食（OR=0.952）与学生超重和肥胖率呈负相关（P<0.001）。 结论： 目前，我国中西部农村地区的中小学生存在一定比例的超重和肥胖，其超重和肥胖率不仅与儿童的性别、学段、县所在地区有关，还与学校供餐、学校是否提供饮用水等因素有关联。.