Objectives: To report on the usability, safety, symmetry, and effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) injected between the prostate and the rectum for patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and present a novel definition of rectal spacer symmetry that is reproducible and independent of patient anatomy.
Patients and methods: 102 consecutive patients with clinical stage of T1c-3b prostate cancer underwent general anaesthesia for fiducial marker insertion and injection of HA into the perirectal space before EBRT. HA safety, symmetry, separation, and usability based on user experience were assessed.
Results: HA insertion was completed with a 100% success rate independent of user experience, rated as 'easy' or 'very easy' in all cases. There were no postoperative complications reported. The mean (SD) recto-prostatic separation for all patients at the base, midgland and apex were 12 (±2) mm, 11 (±2) mm, and 9 (±1) mm respectively. The mean sagittal length of the implant was 43 (±5) mm. The implant was rated as symmetrical in 98% of cases. The mean rV70Gy was 1.6% (IQR 0.8-3.3%) for patients receiving 78-80Gy. The mean rV53Gy was 2.8% (IQR 1.2-4.8%) for patients receiving 60-62Gy. The median prostate size was 43.5 cc (IQR 32-57).
Conclusion: Injection of HA was able to achieve highly symmetrical recto-prostatic separation, with new users able to produce excellent separation, particularly at the apex, achieving similar dosimetry outcomes as competent and experienced users. HA is safe, easy to use, and significantly reduced mean rV70Gy and rV53Gy compared to non-spacer patients.
Keywords: Cancer; Hyaluronic acid; Prostate; Radiotherapy; Spacer; Symmetry.
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