Regulatory mechanisms of stem cell differentiation: Biotechnological applications for neurogenesis

Bruno L Marques; Giovana Figueiredo Maciel; Marcello R Brito Júnior; Lucas D Dias; Sérgio Scalzo; Anderson K Santos; Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara; Helton da Costa Santiago; Ricardo C Parreira; Alexander Birbrair; Rodrigo R Resende

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.014

Regulatory mechanisms of stem cell differentiation: Biotechnological applications for neurogenesis

Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jul 30:144:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.014. Epub 2022 Oct 4.

Affiliations

¹ Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
² Centro Universitário de Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Campus Trindade, GO, Brazil.
³ Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
⁴ Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
⁵ Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
⁶ Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
⁷ Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: rrresende@hotmail.com.

PMID: 36202693
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.014

Abstract

The world population's life expectancy is growing, and neurodegenerative disorders common in old age require more efficient therapies. In this context, neural stem cells (NSCs) are imperative for the development and maintenance of the functioning of the nervous system and have broad therapeutic applicability for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, knowing all the mechanisms that govern the self-renewal, differentiation, and cell signaling of NSC is necessary. This review will address some of these aspects, including the role of growth and transcription factors, epigenetic modulators, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, differentiation and transdifferentiation processes will be addressed as therapeutic strategies showing their significance for stem cell-based therapy.

Keywords: Biotechnological applications; Differentiation; Neural stem cells; Neurogenesis.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cell Differentiation
MicroRNAs* / genetics
Neural Stem Cells*
Neurogenesis / physiology
Neurons

Substances

MicroRNAs