Potential Nevadensin from Ocimum basilicum as Antibacterial Agent against Streptococcus mutans: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that contributes to biofilm formation and causes dental caries. The inhibition of SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II is a promising target to be developed as an antibacterial. Ocimum basilicum is known to have antibacterial activity.

Aim and objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential nevadensin as antibacterial against S. mutans.

Methods: Antibacterial analysis was carried out by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods and the in-silico study was performed with ligand-protein docking.

Results: The result showed that the MIC and MBC values of nevadensin are 900 and 7200 μg/mL, respectively. The binding energy of nevadensin to SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II were -4.53, 8.37, -6.12 kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion: Nevadensin shows moderate activity as an antibacterial against S. mutans. Meanwhile, in silico studies showed it has the same binding strength as chlorhexidine in inhibiting SrtA, whereas to gbpC and Ag I/II, it has a weaker binding affinity. Therefore, nevadensin has the potential as a natural antibacterial against S. mutans by inhibiting SrtA.

Keywords: Ocimum basilicum; Antibacterial; Nevadensin; biofilm; ligand-protein; micro-dilution.