Chronic cardiac disease should be considered when using left ventricular dimensions to assess volume status and fluid responsiveness

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. rajkumarrajendram@doctors.org.uk.
• ² College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. rajkumarrajendram@doctors.org.uk.
• ³ Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
• ⁴ Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
• ⁵ Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
• ⁶ Quality Emergency Department, NewYork-Presbyterian Health System, New York, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.