Tolerability in Glaucoma Patients Switched from Preserved to Preservative-Free Prostaglandin-Timolol Combination: A Prospective Real-Life Study

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of switching from preserved prostaglandin analog-timolol fixed combinations (PG-timolol FCs) to preservative-free latanoprost-timolol FC (PF-LT) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular surface health, and tolerability in glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OH) patients with the concurrent ocular surface disease (OSD).

Methods: This was a longitudinal, prospective, interventional, real-life study among 42 patients. Up to 3 visits were planned, at baseline, 30, and 90 days to assess efficacy on IOP decrease and local tolerance. The severity of OSD symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire], subjective drug tolerability [visual analog scale (VAS)], conjunctival hyperemia (McMonnies scale), and tear break-up time (TBUT) were the main parameters assessed.

Results: Data from 36 patients were available for statistical analysis. IOP was significantly reduced at day 30 and day 90 compared to baseline (16 vs 14 vs 14 mmHg, p < 0.001). Significant improvement was demonstrated in OSD symptoms, signs, and VAS scores from the baseline to the second and third visits. Median OSDI (27.1 vs 9.6 vs 4.2, p < 0.001), conjunctival hyperemia (2 vs 1 vs 1, p < 0.001), corneal surface staining (p < 0.001), and conjunctival staining scores (p < 0.001), and the percentage of patients with eyelid and periocular hyperemia (61.1 vs 12.5 vs 2.8%, p < 0.001), significantly decreased. TBUT (4 vs 5 vs 6 s, p < 0.001) and VAS score regarding tolerability (5 vs 2 vs 1, p < 0.001) significantly increased.

Conclusion: A switch from preserved PG-timolol FCs to PF-LT improved tolerability and optimized IOP control, providing better adherence with greater chances of treatment success.

Keywords: benzalkonium chloride; fixed combinations; glaucoma; preservative; preservative-free; prostaglandin analogs.