Biomechanical analysis of printable functionally graded material (FGM) dental implants for different bone densities

Abdelhak Ouldyerou; Hassan Mehboob; Ali Merdji; Laid Aminallah; Ali Mehboob; Osama M Mukdadi

doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106111

Biomechanical analysis of printable functionally graded material (FGM) dental implants for different bone densities

Comput Biol Med. 2022 Nov:150:106111. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106111. Epub 2022 Sep 21.

Authors

Abdelhak Ouldyerou¹, Hassan Mehboob², Ali Merdji³, Laid Aminallah⁴, Ali Mehboob⁵, Osama M Mukdadi⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria. Electronic address: ouldyerou@gmail.com.
² Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: hassandonate@gmail.com.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria; Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria. Electronic address: merdji.ali@univ-mascara.dz.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria. Electronic address: laid.aminallah@univ-mascara.dz.
⁵ Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: shalimehboob@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. Electronic address: sam.mukdadi@mail.wvu.edu.

PMID: 36195043
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106111

Abstract

The long-term success of a dental implant is related to the material and design of the implant, and bone density. Conventional implants cause stress-shielding due to a mismatch between the implant and bone stiffness. Functionally graded porous materials and designs are a great choice for the design of implants to control the local stiffness at a certain location to meet the biomechanical requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze five designs of axial and radial functionally graded materials (FGM) implants besides the conventional implant and conical and cylindrical shapes that were simulated with five different bone densities. The results showed that strain in bone increased with a decrease in cancellous bone density. The shape of the implant did not play an important role in strain/stress distribution. Conventional implants showed optimal strain (1000-2240 με) in low-density (0.7-0.8 g/cm³) bone, however, FGM implants produced optimal strain (990-1280 με) in the high-density bone (0.9-1 g/cm³) as compared to conventional implants. The proposed designs of FGM implants have the potential to address the complications of conventional implants in high-density bone.

Keywords: Bone densities; Dental implants; Finite element analysis; Functionally graded material; Mechanostat theory.

MeSH terms

Biomechanical Phenomena
Bone Density*
Bone and Bones / surgery
Cancellous Bone
Computer Simulation
Dental Implants*
Dental Stress Analysis
Finite Element Analysis
Stress, Mechanical

Substances

Dental Implants