Magnitude-sensitive reaction times reveal non-linear time costs in multi-alternative decision-making

PLoS Comput Biol. 2022 Oct 3;18(10):e1010523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010523. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Optimality analysis of value-based decisions in binary and multi-alternative choice settings predicts that reaction times should be sensitive only to differences in stimulus magnitudes, but not to overall absolute stimulus magnitude. Yet experimental work in the binary case has shown magnitude sensitive reaction times, and theory shows that this can be explained by switching from linear to multiplicative time costs, but also by nonlinear subjective utility. Thus disentangling explanations for observed magnitude sensitive reaction times is difficult. Here for the first time we extend the theoretical analysis of geometric time-discounting to ternary choices, and present novel experimental evidence for magnitude-sensitivity in such decisions, in both humans and slime moulds. We consider the optimal policies for all possible combinations of linear and geometric time costs, and linear and nonlinear utility; interestingly, geometric discounting emerges as the predominant explanation for magnitude sensitivity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Choice Behavior
  • Costs and Cost Analysis
  • Decision Making*
  • Humans
  • Reaction Time
  • Reward*

Grants and funding

J.A.R.M. was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 647704), https://erc.europa.eu/funding/. A.D. acknowledges support from L’Agence Nationale de la Recherche, (grant number ANR-17-CE02-0019-01-SMARTCELL), https://anr.fr/. A.R. acknowledges support from the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS, of which he is a Chargé de Recherches (https://www.frs-fnrs.be). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.