Effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium chitosan nanoparticle supplements on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats: An experimental study

Mahsa Dehghan-Manshadi; Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani; Sirvan Atashak; Maghsoud Peeri; Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad

doi:10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11557

Effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium chitosan nanoparticle supplements on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats: An experimental study

Int J Reprod Biomed. 2022 Aug 8;20(7):549-560. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11557. eCollection 2022 Jul.

Authors

Mahsa Dehghan-Manshadi¹, Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani¹, Sirvan Atashak², Maghsoud Peeri¹, Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.
³ Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments for menopausal disorders, but it may increase the risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and pulmonary embolism.

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium(Ca $^{+ +}$ ) chitosan nanoparticles on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats.

Materials and methods: 42 female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 6/each). One group was assigned as the healthy controls to show the induction of menopause. The other 6 groups comprised ovariectomized (OVX) animals including: 1) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan + resistance training, 2) saline + estrogen + resistance training, 3) saline + resistance training, 4) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan, 5) saline + estrogen, and 6) OVX + control. 48 hr after the last intervention, the hippocampus tissue was extracted to measure the BCL-2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and caspase-3 gene expression as well as the percentage of dead cells.

Results: OVX rats demonstrated increased BAX gene expression, ratio of BAX gene expression to BCL-2, caspase-3 gene expression, and percentage of dead cells of hippocampal tissue, but decreased BCL-2 gene expression. Resistance training and vitamin D Ca $^{+ +}$ chitosan nanoparticle supplements seemed to reverse these changes.

Conclusion: The combination of resistance training and vitamin D Ca $^{+ +}$ chitosan nanoparticle supplements may be considered a non-pharmacological treatment for OVX-induced apoptosis.

Keywords: BCL-2-associated X protein; Caspase-3; Estrogen replacement therapy; Hormone replacement therapy.; Apoptosis.