Factors associated with cancer survival disparities among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples compared with other Australians: A systematic review

Paramita Dasgupta; Veronica Martinez Harris; Gail Garvey; Joanne F Aitken; Peter D Baade

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.968400

Factors associated with cancer survival disparities among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples compared with other Australians: A systematic review

Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 15:12:968400. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968400. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Paramita Dasgupta¹, Veronica Martinez Harris^{1

2}, Gail Garvey², Joanne F Aitken^{1

2

3

4}, Peter D Baade^{1

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
² School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
³ School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
⁴ Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
⁵ Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
⁶ Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.

Abstract

Background: While cancer survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples has improved over time, they continue to experience poorer cancer survival than other Australians. Key drivers of these disparities are not well understood. This systematic review aimed to summarise existing evidence on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer survival disparities and identify influential factors and potential solutions.

Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, multiple databases were systematically searched for English language peer-reviewed articles on cancer survival by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status published from 1/1/2008 to 4/05/2022. Observational studies presenting adjusted survival measures in relation to potential causal factors for disparities were included. Articles were screened independently by two authors. Included studies were critically assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.

Results: Thirty population-based and predominantly state-level studies were included. A consistent pattern of poorer unadjusted cancer survival for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was evident. Studies varied widely in the covariates adjusted for including a combination of socio-demographics, cancer stage, comorbidities, and treatment. Potential contributions of these factors varied by cancer type. For lung and female breast cancer, adjusting for treatment and comorbidities reduced the survival disparity, which, while still elevated was no longer statistically significant. This pattern was also evident for cervical cancer after adjustment for stage and treatment. However, most studies for all cancers combined, or colorectal cancer, reported that unexplained survival disparities remained after adjusting for various combinations of covariates.

Conclusions: While some of the poorer survival faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients can be explained, substantial disparities likely to be related to Aboriginal determinants, remain. It is imperative that future research consider innovative study designs and strength-based approaches to better understand cancer survival for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and to inform evidence-based action.

Keywords: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; Australia; cancer; inequalities; survival.

Publication types

Systematic Review