ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents

Affiliations

• ¹ Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ² Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
• ³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
• ⁴ Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
• ⁵ Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
• ⁶ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ⁷ Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁸ Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ¹⁰ Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ¹¹ Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
• ¹² Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.