Circular economy for lithium-ion batteries and photovoltaic modules-status, challenges, and opportunities

Affiliations

• ¹ Air Resources Division, National Park Service, Denver, Colorado, USA.
• ² Department of Meteorology and Measurement, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ³ Integrated Renewable Energy Systems Network, Davis, California, USA.
• ⁴ EPRI, Palo Alto, California, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
• ⁶ Cantech Environmental Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.