Endothelial microparticles: A mechanosensitive regulator of vascular homeostasis and injury under shear stress

Shuo Feng; Jia Wei Chen; Xin Yi Shu; Muladili Aihemaiti; Jin Wei Quan; Lin Lu; Rui Yan Zhang; Chen Die Yang; Xiao Qun Wang

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.980112

Endothelial microparticles: A mechanosensitive regulator of vascular homeostasis and injury under shear stress

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Sep 12:10:980112. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.980112. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Shuo Feng¹, Jia Wei Chen², Xin Yi Shu², Muladili Aihemaiti², Jin Wei Quan², Lin Lu^{1

2}, Rui Yan Zhang¹, Chen Die Yang¹, Xiao Qun Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Hemodynamic shear stress (SS), a frictional force generated by blood flow, regulates vascular homeostasis. High and steady SS maintains physiological function of endothelial cells while low and disturbed SS promotes disturbance of vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial microparticle (EMP), a vesicular structure shed from endothelial cells, has emerged as a surrogate biomarker of endothelial injury and dysfunction. EMP release is triggered by disturbed SS in addition to multiple inflammatory cytokines. This review systematically summarizes the impact of SS on EMPs and the role of EMPs under SS in modulating vascular homeostasis and injury, including endothelial survival, vasodilation, inflammatory response, vascular permeability, and coagulation system.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction; endothelial microparticles; shear stress; vascular homeostasis.

Publication types

Review