Context: Hyperandrogenism is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In vitro studies have demonstrated that inflammatory stimuli promote whereas ibuprofen inhibits androgen production by ovarian theca-interstitial cells.
Objective: This work aimed to determine the effects of nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 on testosterone levels.
Methods: A prospective pilot study took place in an academic hospital of women with PCOS defined according to Rotterdam criteria (N = 20). Evaluations were taken at baseline and after 3 weeks of ibuprofen administration (400 mg twice a day or 400 mg 3 times a day, respectively, in women with weight < and ≥ 70 kg). The main outcome measure was total serum testosterone.
Results: Ibuprofen administration was associated with a decline of total testosterone from 0.75 ± 0.06 ng/mL to 0.59 ± 0.05 ng/mL (P = .008). There was no statistically significant change in the levels of other relevant hormones including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, gonadotropins, and insulin. Multiple regression analysis identified the greatest decline of testosterone was independently predicted by baseline testosterone level (P = .004) and by baseline insulin sensitivity index (P = .03).
Conclusion: Nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 leads to selective reduction of testosterone consistent with direct inhibitory effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.
Keywords: insulin resistance; polycystic ovary syndrome; testosterone.
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.