Peripapillary Vessel Density in Relation to Optic Disc Drusen: A Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Abstract

Background: Optic disc drusen (ODD) are acellular calcified deposits within the optic nerve head known to cause visual field defects. An emerging gold standard for the diagnosis of ODD is enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). The presence of ODD affects the adjacent peripapillary vasculature, which can be visualized using OCT angiography (OCTA). This study investigates the association between peripapillary vessel density and anatomical ODD location and volume using a newly developed method of multimodal OCT.

Methods: A case-control study with 16 patients diagnosed with ODD in the period 2008-2017 and 24 healthy controls. All patients and controls had EDI-OCT, OCTA, and demographic data collected. Using EDI-OCT and the medical imaging segmentation tool ITK-SNAP, 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of ODD in patients were created. ODD 3D visualization and corresponding OCTA scans were superimposed, making it possible to correlate ODD volume to the peripapillary vessel density in the corresponding modified Garway-Heath segments of the optic disc.

Results: We found that mean peripapillary vessel density across all modified Garway-Heath segments were lower in ODD patients compared with controls with significant reduction of peripapillary vessel density in the superior segment ( P = 0.03) and globally ( P = 0.05). A significant inverse proportionality between ODD volume and peripapillary vessel density in the corresponding segment was seen ( P = 0.002).

Conclusions: We found a reduced peripapillary vessel density in regions with close anatomical proximity to ODD and inverse proportionality between ODD volume and peripapillary vessel density.