Rationale: Quantifications of quadruple sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34 S, Δ33 S, and Δ36 S) of sulfur-bearing compounds in nature are valuable for providing new insights into the Earth's evolution such as the crust-mantle cycle, oxygenation of atmosphere and oceans, and the origin and evolution of early life. SF6 -based isotope ratio mass spectrometry is the most widely used method of quantification, but Δ36 S measurements at high precision and accuracy have always been technically difficult due to the low abundance of 36 S (~0.01%). In this paper, we identify a major source of isobaric interferences (i.e., contamination in helium carrier gas in the gas chromatography purification step) and propose a simple strategy to solve this problem.
Methods: An SF6 fluorination and purification system was built. Laboratory SF6 reference gas and international Ag2 S standard (IAEA-S1) were used as reference materials to test our method. Contamination from helium carrier gas (99.999%) was purified by a simple two-step cryogenic method to allow for accurate and precise measurements of Δ36 S using the SF6 -based isotope ratio mass spectrometry method.
Results: Without proper purification of helium carrier gas, large errors in Δ36 S measurements were found. Measured Δ36 S values of SF6 with trace contamination from helium were >10‰ higher than expected values. Using a newly developed purification strategy, the difference in Δ36 S values of SF6 before and after passing through the gas chromatography is less than instrumental errors (<0.2‰). Our improved method yielded an overall Δ36 S precision for IAEA-S1 of 0.12‰ (n = 6). This precision is comparable to that found by other laboratories around the world.
Conclusion: Our simple two-step cryogenic method significantly improved the accuracy and precision of Δ36 S measurements and is therefore recommended for future determination of quadruple sulfur isotopic compositions in natural samples.
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