Hot spots and anomalies of CO2 over eastern Amazonia, Brazil: A time series from 2015 to 2018

Gustavo André de Araújo Santos; Luiz Fernando Favacho Morais Filho; Kamila Cunha de Meneses; Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior; Glauco de Souza Rolim; Newton La Scala Jr

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114379

Hot spots and anomalies of CO2 over eastern Amazonia, Brazil: A time series from 2015 to 2018

Environ Res. 2022 Dec;215(Pt 2):114379. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114379. Epub 2022 Sep 23.

Authors

Gustavo André de Araújo Santos¹, Luiz Fernando Favacho Morais Filho², Kamila Cunha de Meneses², Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior³, Glauco de Souza Rolim², Newton La Scala Jr²

Affiliations

¹ Campus Avançado Porto Franco, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Maranhão - IFMA, Rua Custódio Barbosa, Nº 09, Centro, Porto Franco, Maranhão, 65.970-000, Brazil; Center of Agricultural, Natural and Literary Sciences, State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Av. Brejo Do Pinto, S/N - Brejo Do Pinto, Estreito, Maranhão, 65975-000, Brazil; Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavo_anndre@hotmail.com.
² Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Department of Geography, Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID: 36162477
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114379

Abstract

The easternmost Amazon, located in the Maranhão State, in Brazil, has suffered massive deforestation in recent years, which has devastated almost 80% of the original vegetation. We aim to characterize hot spots, hot moments, atmospheric carbon dioxide anomalies (Xco₂, ppm), and their interactions with climate and vegetation indices in eastern Amazon, using data from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). The study covered the period from January 2015 to December 2018. The data were subjected to regression, correlation, and temporal analysis, identifying the spatial distribution of hot/cold moments and hot/cold spots. In addition, anomalies were calculated to identify potential CO₂ sources and sinks. Temporal changes indicate atmospheric Xco₂ in the range from 362.2 to 403.4 ppm. Higher Xco₂ values (hot moments) were concentrated between May and September, with some peaks in December. The lowest values (cold moments) were concentrated from November to April. SIF 771 W m^-2 sr^-1 μm^-1 explained the temporal changes of Xco₂ in 58% (R² adj = 0.58; p < 0.001) and precipitation in 27% (R² adj = 0.27; p ≤ 0.001). Spatial hot spots with 90% confidence were more representative in 2016. The maximum and minimum Xco₂ (ppm) anomalies were 6.19 ppm (source) and -6.29 ppm (sink), respectively. We conclude that the hot moments of Xco₂ in the eastern Amazon rainforest are concentrated in the dry season of the year. Xco₂ spatial hot spots and anomalies are concentrated in the southern region and close to protected areas of the Amazon rainforest.

Keywords: Carbon cycle; Climate–carbon feedbacks; Greenhouse gases observing satellite; OCO-2; Tropical forest.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Brazil
Carbon Dioxide* / analysis
Climate Change*
Seasons
Time Factors

Substances

Carbon Dioxide