Differential distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypoalphalipoproteinemia among Native American and Mestizo Mexicans

Rafael Torres-Valadez; Sonia Roman; Claudia Ojeda-Granados; Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco; Arturo Panduro

doi:10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1408

Differential distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypoalphalipoproteinemia among Native American and Mestizo Mexicans

World J Hepatol. 2022 Jul 27;14(7):1408-1420. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1408.

Authors

Rafael Torres-Valadez^{1

2}, Sonia Roman¹, Claudia Ojeda-Granados¹, Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco¹, Arturo Panduro¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico.
² Unidad Especializada en Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Medicina Genómica Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Tepic, Nayarit 63173, Mexico.

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemias are metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors. The Mexican population displays regional differences according to ethnicity with an impact on the type of dyslipidemia.

Aim: To define the main dyslipidemias, the frequency of lipid-related risk alleles, and their association with hyperlipidemic states among different ethnic groups in West Mexico.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 1324 adults were selected to compare dyslipidemias and lipid-related gene polymorphisms. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. A subgroup of 196 normal weight subjects without impaired glucose was selected for the association analyses. Genotyping was determined by allelic discrimination assay.

Results: Hypercholesterolemia was the most prevalent dyslipidemia (42.3%). The frequency of the risk alleles associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (ABCA1) and hypercholesterolemia (APOE, LDLR) was higher in the Native Americans (P = 0.047). In contrast, the Mestizos with European ancestry showed a higher frequency of the risk alleles for hypertriglyceridemia (APOE2, MTTP) (P = 0.045). In normal weight Mestizo subjects, the APOB TT and LDLR GG genotypes were associated risk factors for hypercholesterolemia (OR = 5.33, 95%CI: 1.537-18.502, P = 0.008 and OR = 3.90, 95%CI: 1.042-14.583, P = 0.043, respectively), and displayed an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (APOB: β = 40.39, 95%CI: 14.415-66.366, P = 0.004; LDLR: β = 20.77, 95%CI: 5.763-35.784, P = 0.007).

Conclusion: Gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemias showed a differential distribution. Regional primary health care strategies are required to mitigate their prevalence considering the genetic and environmental features which could have important implications for personalized medicine within the new era of precision medicine.

Keywords: Diet; Dyslipidemia; Ethnicity; Genes; Lipids; Liver disease; Obesity.