Higher serum phosphorus and calcium levels provide prognostic value in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Wei Cao; Yilan Li; Yao Wen; Shaohong Fang; Bing Zhao; Xiaoyuan Zhang; Yanxiu Zhang; Xueyan Lang; Bo Yu; Yao Zhang

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.929634

Higher serum phosphorus and calcium levels provide prognostic value in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Sep 7:9:929634. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.929634. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Wei Cao^{1

2}, Yilan Li^{1

3}, Yao Wen¹, Shaohong Fang^{1

3}, Bing Zhao^{1

3}, Xiaoyuan Zhang^{1

3}, Yanxiu Zhang^{1

3}, Xueyan Lang^{1

3}, Bo Yu^{1

3}, Yao Zhang^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
² Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.
³ Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Abstract

Background: Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors are closely related to the poor prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, there are few studies on the relationship of serum phosphorus and calcium with prognosis in AMI patients. The relationship of serum phosphorus and calcium with prognostic biomarkers in AMI remains unclear.

Methods and results: A total of 3,891 AMI patients were enrolled from a prospective cohort study. We investigated the association of serum phosphorus and calcium with prognostic biomarkers. The risk of in-hospital heart failure (HF), post-discharge HF, all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality was estimated across quartiles of serum phosphorus and calcium levels. Serum phosphorus and calcium levels were associated with biomarkers of prognosis. Overall, 969 patients developed in-hospital HF during hospitalization, 549 patients developed post-discharge HF during a median follow-up of 12 months, and 252 patients died, with 170 cardiac deaths since admission. In the fully adjusted model, compared with patients in quartile 2 (Q2), patients with serum phosphorus levels in Q4 were at greater risk of post-discharge HF [sub-distributional hazard ratios (SHR) 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-1.99], in-hospital HF [odds ratio (OR) 1.84; 95% CI, 1.47-2.31], all-cause mortality (HR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08-2.32), and cardiac mortality (SHR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03-2.75). Compared with patients in Q2, patients with corrected calcium levels in Q4 had a higher risk of in-hospital HF (OR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.29-2.04), all-cause mortality (HR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.37-2.88), and cardiac mortality (SHR 1.87; 95% CI, 1.19-2.96; all p-trend < 0.05).

Conclusion: Serum phosphorus and calcium levels were associated with AMI prognostic biomarkers in AMI. Higher serum phosphorus was independently related to the increased risk of in-hospital HF, postdischarge HF, all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality, and higher serum calcium was independently related to the increased risk of in-hospital HF, all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality after AMI.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; heart failure; mortality; prognosis; serum calcium; serum phosphate.