Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel

Heather O LeClerc; Geoffrey A Tompsett; Alex D Paulsen; Amy M McKenna; Sydney F Niles; Christopher M Reddy; Robert K Nelson; Feng Cheng; Andrew R Teixeira; Michael T Timko

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916

Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel

iScience. 2022 Aug 31;25(9):104916. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916. eCollection 2022 Sep 16.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
² Mainstream Engineering Corporation, 200 Yellow Place, Rockledge, FL 32955, USA.
³ National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
⁴ Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁵ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 86 Water St., Falmouth, MA 02543, USA.

Abstract

Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.

Keywords: Catalysis; Chemical engineering; Chemistry.