The effectiveness of dry needling in patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study

Joanna Rajfur; Katarzyna Rajfur; Łukasz Kosowski; Karolina Walewicz; Robert Dymarek; Kuba Ptaszkowski; Jakub Taradaj

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19980-1

The effectiveness of dry needling in patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study

Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 22;12(1):15803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19980-1.

Authors

Joanna Rajfur¹, Katarzyna Rajfur¹, Łukasz Kosowski¹, Karolina Walewicz^{1

2}, Robert Dymarek³, Kuba Ptaszkowski⁴, Jakub Taradaj⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-060, Opole, Poland.
² Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055, Katowice, Poland.
³ Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-355, Wrocław, Poland. r.dymarek@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-355, Wrocław, Poland.
⁵ Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.

Abstract

Dry needling (DN) is a standard procedure for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, there are no clear recommendations for using DN in low back pain (LBP). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the novel DN program for reducing pain intensity and improving functional efficiency in patients with chronic LBP. A group of 40 patients with chronic LBP due to the L5-S1 discopathy were eligible and randomized into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The DN program was performed for the experimental group according to the Five Regulatory Systems (FRS) concept. The control group received sham therapy using placebo needles. DN sessions were performed twice a week for 4 weeks. A single needling application lasted 60 min. Both groups received standard treatment and physical exercise of LBP for 1 month. Subjective pain was measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), functional efficiency was assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the lower spine range of motion was measured with the Schober test. There were significant differences in pain reduction (VAS) in both groups (p < 0.001). The strongest analgesic effect in the DN group yielded 6.45 points immediately after the therapy, 6.2 points after 1 month, and 6 points after 3 months. The DN group scored higher VAS reduction than the control group (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the functional state (ODI) in the experimental group (p < 0.001). There was a significant ODI decrease by 18.1 points, after 1 month by 18.9 points, and after 3 months by 17.6 points. No significant differences were found in the control group (p > 0.05). Intergroup differences were observed in the functional efficiency in ODI in all measurement time-points (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the range of motion (Schober test) in the DN group (main effect: p < 0.001). For all measurements, differences (p < 0.001) were observed in favor of DN compared to the control. In conclusion, DN program according to the FRS concept stands for the novel treatment method supplemented by an exercise program, effectively reducing pain and improving functional efficiency in LBP patients.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Analgesics
Dry Needling*
Humans
Low Back Pain* / therapy
Prospective Studies
Single-Blind Method

Substances

Analgesics