Rationale: Uro-originated epidermoid cysts, especially located in the upper urinary tract are rare and only 4 cases of epidermoid cyst occurring in the upper urinary tract have been reported worldwide so far. In the previous cases, the cysts were diagnosed as tumors and organs were removed.
Patient concerns and diagnosis: We report a case of epidermoid cyst in ureter in a 48-year-old female patient admitted to the local hospital suffering from paroxysmal pain in the right hypochondriac for 8 years.
Interventions and outcomes: She underwent right ureteroscopy in order to rule out the possibility of urinary epithelial carcinoma. The tumor was pathological diagnosed as a benign ureterocyst epidermoid. Postoperatively, the patient showed good recovery. During the 24-month follow-up period, the patient remained well and free of complications.
Conclusion: This case illustrates that benign epidermoid cysts can appear in the ureter, although it is extremely rare. It also indicates that perioperative examinations must be exhaustive to avoid the further injury to the patients.
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