Nonselected autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may provide advantages over other treatments for solid tumors, including checkpoint inhibitor-refractory melanoma. This retrospective analysis reports a single-center experience of nonselected autologous TILs derived from digested tumors for compassionate use treatment of advanced cutaneous melanoma, including after programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibition. Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic cutaneous melanoma and no standard-of-care treatment options underwent tumor resection for TIL product manufacturing. Patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide for 2 days and fludarabine for 5 days, followed by a single TIL infusion and post-TIL high-dose interleukin (IL)-2. Safety assessments included clinically significant adverse events (AEs). Efficacy assessments included overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival. Between October 2011 and August 2019, 21 patients underwent treatment (median follow-up time, 52.2 months from TIL infusion). Among all treated patients, median age was 45 years, median number of disease sites was 4, 100% had M1c or M1d disease, and 90% received prior checkpoint inhibitor. Twelve patients received TILs after prior PD-1 inhibition. The safety profile among all treated patients and the prior PD-1 inhibitor subgroup was generally consistent with lymphodepletion and high-dose IL-2. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Among all patients, the ORR was 67%, CR rate was 19%, and the DCR was 86%, which was consistent with that observed in the prior PD-1 inhibitor subgroup (58%, 8%, and 75%, respectively). Median overall survival in all treated patients and the prior PD-1 inhibitor subgroup was 21.3 months. In total, 5 patients (24%) had durable ongoing responses (>30 months post-TIL infusion) at data cutoff, and all patients who achieved CR remained alive and disease free. To further illustrate how TIL therapy may integrate into established treatment paradigms, several case studies of patients treated in this series were included. Overall, these data demonstrate that manufacturing of nonselected autologous TILs from tumor digests is feasible and resulted in high rates of durable response in poor-risk patient populations, which may address significant unmet medical need.
Keywords: PD-1 inhibitor; T cell; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; checkpoint inhibition; compassionate use; immunology; immunotherapy; interleukin-2; melanoma.
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