Association of serum reproductive hormones changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with hormone receptors expression alterations and survival outcomes in breast cancer

Ailin Lan; Yudi Jin; Yu Wang; Nan Ding; Yihua Wang; Yuran Dai; Linshan Jiang; Zhenrong Tang; Yang Peng; Shengchun Liu

doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.947218

Association of serum reproductive hormones changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with hormone receptors expression alterations and survival outcomes in breast cancer

Front Surg. 2022 Aug 31:9:947218. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.947218. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ailin Lan¹, Yudi Jin¹, Yu Wang¹, Nan Ding¹, Yihua Wang¹, Yuran Dai¹, Linshan Jiang¹, Zhenrong Tang¹, Yang Peng¹, Shengchun Liu¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on circulating levels of reproductive hormones and evaluate the correlation of hormone changes after NAC with hormone receptors expression alterations and relapse-free survival (RFS) outcomes in breast cancer.

Methods: Information from 181 breast cancer patients who received NAC was retrospectively analyzed. For hormones parameters, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were provided at baseline and the end of NAC then was compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Categorical variables were represented as numbers and percentages and were compared via two-sided chi-square and Fisher's tests. The RFS outcomes were compared between patients according to hormone changes using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were carried out using Cox regression.

Results: Sex steroids including estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels decreased significantly after NAC among both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients (all P < 0.05). Decreased estradiol levels were associated with reduced progesterone receptor (PR) expression (P = 0.030). In multivariate survival analysis, the non-decreased progesterone level was strongly associated with worse RFS (non-decreased vs. decreased, HR = 7.178, 95% CI 2.340-22.019, P = 0.001). Patients with decreased progesterone levels exhibited better 3-year RFS compared with those with non-decreased (87.6% vs. 58.3%, log-rank, P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Multiple reproductive hormone levels were influenced by NAC. The change in estradiol level had a positive connection with PR expression alteration. Furthermore, an inverse association between the change in progesterone level and RFS outcomes was found. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for pre-operative endocrine therapy combined with NAC in breast cancer patients.

Keywords: breast cancer; hormone receptors; neoadjuvant therapy; progesterone; reproductive hormones; sex steroids.